Wildlife in Bulgaria is experiencing significant decline, with 27% of bird species declining between 2005-2025 and 21% of common bird populations lost between 2005-2013. Major threats include massive forest destruction (12-15% lost in 1992-2008), habitat degradation from infrastructure, illegal logging, and intensive farming, impacting species like bats (92% drop in Kresna Gorge) and snakes.
Key Areas of Wildlife Decline in Bulgaria:
Birds: Nearly half of all bird species are in decline, with 27% showing a downward trend in 2005-2025 and 23% having uncertain trends. Farmland birds are particularly threatened, with sharp declines noted for species like the Lesser-grey Shrike.
Forest Habitat Loss: 12% to 15% of Bulgarian forests were destroyed due to intense exploitation between 1992-2008, affecting biodiversity. Roughly 25% of timber harvesting is illegal, which poses a massive threat to ecosystems.
Bats and Reptiles: Protected bat species in critical areas like the Kresna Gorge have declined by 92%, while endangered tortoises and snakes have dropped by 60%, largely due to infrastructure expansion.
Invertebrates and Other Species: Every fifth butterfly species in Bulgaria is threatened with extinction. Sturgeon species in the Danube are also facing extinction due to poaching.
Key Endangered Wildlife: Species requiring urgent protection include the Egyptian Vulture (fastest declining bird of prey), Imperial Eagle (only 26 pairs), and the Mediterranean monk seal.
Primary Drivers of Decline:
Habitat Destruction: Rapid forest reduction, particularly in river-beds where 80% has been destroyed.
Illegal Logging: High levels of illegal timber harvesting.
Infrastructure & Development: Motorway construction, especially in sensitive areas like the Kresna Gorge.
Agriculture: Use of pesticides and conversion of land impacting species.
Poaching & Illegal Trade: Affecting birds of prey and sturgeon

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